Uganda's main strategy for harnessing the Demographic Dividend (DD) is built around ensuring that the adolescents are healthy, properly educated and appropriately skilled to take up jobs that will be created in the economy as per the third National Development Plan (NDP III) programme lay out. However, if no action is taken to reduce teenage pregnancy in Uganda by instituting measures to reduce childhood sexual abuse and exploitation, then teenage pregnancy will continue with 50% of teenage girls at risk each year. This cost of inaction study is a crucial and timely piece of evidence that clearly spells out in economic and social terms what as a country we are set to lose or gain depending on our choice and is thus a rich and sound advocacy tool that will support the agenda of mobilizing efforts and resources to be channeled into the fi ght against teenage pregnancy and its effects.