Uganda aspires to reach upper-middle income status by 2040, with an expectation of improving the wellbeing of its citizens. Studies have shown that for this to happen, investments must be made to improve the wellbeing and the productivity of Uganda’s adolescents and youth who comprise of Uganda’s biggest population. According to the 2014 Census, 78 percent of Uganda’s population are below 30 years. However, this monograph indicates that for many adolescents and youth in Uganda, their potential to lead economic and social change has not been realised. According to this report with evidence extracted from the Uganda Population and Housing Census report 2014, investments in creation of jobs and improved opportunities for entrepreneurship and profitable self-employment for the rapidly expanding youth labour force is critical for Uganda’s desire of becoming a middle income country.