Obtaining a quality education is the foundation to improving people’s lives. Improving the quality of education and ensuring high quality skilled population is one of the critical game changers to realizing the demographic dividend. In order to develop a well-educated, skilled and innovative labour force, Uganda needs to address the underlying causes of the deteriorating quality of education in all institutions. Through critical analysis of tables and figures, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) paints a clear picture on the status of Uganda’s education, in the context of a country with one of the youngest population in the World. This monograph makes a strong case that quality education for a rapidly growing number of school-aged girls and boys is a top national priority.